Coordinate Systems

CNC Lathe Coordinate System:

                                   CNC lathe machines are based on a Z-X coordinate system. The axis of the spindle is of the machine is Z-axis, and perpendicular to the Z-axis is the X-axis of the machine. Z-axis varies the length of the workpiece and the X-axis is the varied diameter of the workpiece. CNC machine moving a tool to the specific location described by coordinate systems (X and Z-axis direction). For a cnc lathe machine, the coordinate system means there are two lines that intersect.

In this diagram, two numbers of lines that intersect at a location described as reference zero or Absolute zero. The vertical line is called X-axis and the horizontal line is called the z-axis.

In coordinate system, there are two methods used to find the coordinate of the X-axis and Z-axis. The first one is the Absolute method (G90) and the second one is Incremental method (G91).

Normally the programmer uses the front face of the workpiece as a Z zero and centerline of the work the piece used as an X zero.

Absolute Method:

                          Absolute means that X and Z code value starts from Zero points on the part.

Incremental Method:

                         In this method machine tool movement based on where the machine tool is currently sitting. It is also called point to point programming.   

 

(All Dimensions are in inches)

For Absolute method:

Point	X coordinate	Z coordinate
1	1.0	0.0
2	1.50	-0.25
3	1.50	-3.0
4	1.80	-3.0
5	2.0	-3.10

For Incremental method:

Point	X Coordinate	Z Coordinate
1	1.0	0.0
2	1.50	-0.25
3	1.50	-2.75
4	0.3	-2.75
5	0.4	-0.1

 Conclusion: 

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